Employer Wellness : Health Risk Appraisal
A Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) is sometimes used in conjunction with a health assessment. An HRA is a computerized assessment tool which looks at an individual’s family history, health status, and lifestyle. An HRA seeks to identify precursors associated with premature death or serious illness and quantifies the probable impact for each individual.
An HRA instrument is derived from an understanding of the course of a disease. Based on this understanding, useful prediction instruments can be constructed to evaluate the health risks of an individual. Individuals with a higher number of health risks tend to have more somber health problems over time.
Drawing attention to their health risks can help clients cut risk factors which lead to the onset of unnecessary disease and subsequent premature death. The questionnaire covers lifestyle habits (such as smoking, Safety Belt use, and exercise) and physical measures (such as cholesterol, Blood Pressure (BP) levels, height, and weight).
For accuracy, it is crucial to obtain direct measures of Blood Pressure, cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. The HRA also supplies recommendations and indicates what risks are modifiable. Types of measures to assess health risks are discussed under Screening Programs.
The influence of a health risk appraisal is much greater when it is given in-person, with immediate feedback to the client. This also supports an opportunity to invite the client’s participation in continuing health counseling and to gain their written consent to do pro-active outreach to them.
A health age can be computed based on the individual answers to the questionnaire and physiologic factors. The health age may indicate the individual to be younger or older than their chronological age.
HRA programs are one the most prolific types of wellness activities utilized by companies. Continuing research on HRAs is examining the efficacy of this tool. One of the big benefits of this tool is that it can provide an aggregate group report of a employer and can be utilized as an assessment tool.
Detailed information is available from the Society of Prospective Medicine (www.spm.org/desc.html) who publishes a handbook on HRAs.